The vineyard of the LORD Almighty is the house of Israel, and the people of Judah are the vines he delighted in. And he looked for justice (mishpat) but saw bloodshed (mishpakh) for righteousness (tsedaqah), but heard cries of distress (tseʿaqah). The two contrasting sounds voice the LORD’S disappointment with his disobedient people. In the first pair, the final syllables -pat and -pakh contrast the “justice” the LORD expected and the “bloodshed” he actually observed. In the second, the middle syllables
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